Hyperbole

Exaggeration in a phrase or statement for effect, often to the point of absurdity. e.g The temperature today was about a million degrees in the shade.

Irony

In which the stated meaning of a phrase is the opposite of the intended meaning. E.g. That’s super.

Litotes

(dimunitio)

A form of understatement, usually achieved by referring to something with a denial of the negative. A means of obtaining strong effect with moderate language.

Mycterismus

An insult delivered together with a mocking facial expression or other gesture.

Paralepsis

Referring to something by explicitly not making reference to it, or refusing to refer to it.

Ploce

In which a single word is repeated one or more times for effect and emphasis.

Proslepsis

As in paralepsis, a reference is made to something while explicitly deigning to make mention of it. In this instance this subterfuge includes a full and detailed account of the thing not being referred to.

Schematismus

The obfuscation or hiding of an intended meaning through the use of opaque non-literal devices.

Understatement

The opposite of hyperbole. The stated meaning downplays the real significance of the subject.